Ulver (Norwegian for "wolves") are a Norwegian experimental musical collective founded in 1993, by vocalist Kristoffer Rygg. Their early works, such as debut album Bergtatt, were categorised as folklore-influenced black metal, but the band has since evolved a fluid and increasingly eclectic musical style, blending genres such as experimental rock, electronica, ambient, trip hop, symphonic and chamber traditions, noise, progressive and experimental music into their oeuvre.[1] 1997 marked their international debut with the release of their third album Nattens madrigal through German label Century Media. However, following discord with the label, Kristoffer Rygg formed his own imprint, Jester Records, in 1998.

In 1998, Rygg met composer and multi-instrumentalist Tore Ylwizaker and together they changed Ulvers musical direction. Inspired by their mutual reference in Coil and Ylwizakers classical interests, they release their first musical endeavour together by the works of William Blake. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (studioalbum) was released in 1998, followed by Metamorphosis (EP, 1999) and "Perdition City - music to an Interior film" (CD, 2000). For years, Rygg, Ylwizaker and author/publisher Jørn H. Sværen formed the core of Ulver, before expanding the collective in 2009 when the band went live. Norwegian musician and producer Ole Alexander Halstensgård has also since then, established himself as another prominent member of the band.Ulver has performed at several prestigious venues, including Queen Elisabeth Hall (2009), the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet (2010), Teatro Regio di Parma (2013), Labirinto della Masone di Franco Maria Ricci (2017)[3] and held artist recidency at Henie Onstad Kunstsenter (2018)[4].

The band have sold in excess of half a million records, been twice nominated for the Norwegian Grammy Awards, Spellemannsprisen, in different categories,[5] won Album of the Year at the Oslo Awards for Shadows of the Sun in 2008,[6] won the NATT&DAG award for Best Live Act in 2011,[7] and earned a global reputation for stylistic unpredictability.Harmony Korine, the controversial director of films like Gummo, commented: "There's a real lineage from a composer like Wagner to a band like Ulver." Author and musician Julian Cope has said, "Ulver are cataloguing the death of our culture two decades before anyone else has noticed its inevitable demise."
The Black Metal Trilogie (1993–1997)
The band was founded in 1993 in Oslo by vocalist Kristoffer Rygg together with Grellmund, Robin Malmberg, Carl-Michael Eide, Håvard Jørgensen, and A. Reza. Ulver issued their first demo cassette, Vargnatt, in November 1993. Their music and style was consistent with the Norwegian black metal subculture of the early 1990s.[9][10] However some have noted the avant-garde, jazz, rock and gothic influences that would later shape the band's sound.[11] The archaic Dano-Norwegian lyrics were greatly influenced by Scandinavian folktales and inspired by Baroque poets such as Ludvig Holberg and the hymn-writer Thomas Kingo.[12]

Their debut album, Bergtatt, the first part of what has become known as Ulver's "Black Metal Trilogie,"[13] was issued in February 1995 through Norwegian label Head Not Found. The album was met with critical acclaim, and was notable for blending black metal, harsh vocals and blurred, buzzing guitars with quiet, folk-like acoustic passages. It was praised for its unique atmosphere and was described as "mysterious, melancholic, eerie, and oddly tranquil."[14]

For their second album Kveldssanger, issued March 1996 by Head Not Found, Ulver eschewed a typical black metal sound by incorporating classical guitars, cello and choral chamber chants overlaid with subtle orchestral landscapes. The album was a drastic contrast to Bergtatt, whilst still retaining the atmospheric and folk themes. Vocalist Rygg has since remarked that Kveldssanger, despite strong content, was an "immature attempt at making a classical album".[15] The album was praised for its atmosphere, evoking a feeling of quiet, eerie solitude.[16]

Following the success of their first two albums, Ulver signed with German label Century Media for their third album Nattens madrigal, issued in March 1997, marking the band's international debut. The album showcases a black metal style similar to Bergtatt, abandoning the acoustic and atmospheric elements of Kveldssanger, with an intentionally underproduced sound. The album has been described as "raw and grim black metal at its blackest."[17] A common myth about the album is that the band spent the recording budget on Armani suits, cocaine and a Corvette; and recorded the album outdoors in a Norwegian forest on an 8-track recorder.[18] Kristoffer Rygg, however, has stated that this is not true; and possibly a rumour started by Century Media.[19][20] The album has been described as "so fast and ferocious and the vocals so garbled that it's best just to take the sheer sonic force as reflecting the band's concept, rather than trying to piece it all together."[18]

Metal Injection concluded "Kveldssanger had no electric instruments, Nattens madrigal had no acoustic instruments, but Bergtatt, has both acoustic and electric instruments; it’s like they spliced the elements from Bergtatt into two separate albums. If that’s the case, then Nattens madrigal really showcases the black metal prowess of the band. The album answers exactly why people were so angered by Ulver’s transition away from black metal, and why people are still bitter at their direction today."[21]

In 1997, Century Media issued The Trilogie – Three Journeyes Through the Norwegian Netherworlde, a limited edition collection, containing Bergtatt, Kveldssanger and Nattens madrigal in LP Picture Disc format, housed in a cardboard box, with a booklet & bonus posters.

Beyond black metal (1998–2002)
Rygg invited composer and sound architect Tore Ylwizaker into the collective in order to expand their artistic and musical visions; and together they stepped over the boundaries of black metal aesthetics, creating a genre-defying work in Themes from William Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, released in December 1998. The album was issued through Rygg’s own imprint, Jester Records, a label born out of discord between Ulver and Century Media.[2] Musically, the album blended electronics, industrial music elements, progressive metal and avant-garde rock, adding ambient passages. Lyrically, the album incorporates the entire text of William Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, utilising guest vocalists on several songs. The album received widespread acclaim from critics within both the rock/metal and alternative music press - being awarded ‘album of the month’ in several high-profile magazines such as Terrorizer, Metal Hammer, and Rock Hard and ranked highly in their end of year's best polls. However, the album's transitional nature perhaps alienated many fans of the band's first three albums — causing a backlash from the black metal scene.

Ulver, now only consisting of Rygg and Ylwizaker, issued an EP, Metamorphosis, in September 1999. The music moving to the more heavily electronic approach, bridging the gap to the film-noir ambiance of 2000's full-length album Perdition City.[22] In the sleeve notes to Metamorphosis, the group declared:

“ Ulver is obviously not a black metal band and does not wish to be stigmatized as such. We acknowledge the relation of part I & III of the Trilogie (Bergtatt & Nattens Madrigal) to this culture, but stress that these endeavours were written as stepping stones rather than conclusions. We are proud of our former instincts, but wish to liken our association with said genre to that of the snake with Eve. An incentive to further frolic only. If this discourages you in any way, please have the courtesy to refrain from voicing superficial remarks regarding our music and/or personae. We are as unknown to you as we always were.[23] ”
Perdition City, issued in March 2000, was described as moody, atmospheric electronica,[24] cinematic in scope,[25] evoking a soundtrack for an imaginary film. Kerrang! praised the album, ranking it top ten that year, noting "This ain't rock 'n roll. This is evolution on such a grand scale that most bands wouldn't even be able to wrap their tiny little minds around it."[5] Musically, Ulver not only explores new genres, but also shift from extrovert, into more introverted moods, or interior music.[26]

Later that year, Jørn H. Sværen joined the band. The band followed up Perdition City with two improv/minimalist/ambient/glitch companion EPs, called Silence Teaches You How to Sing and Silencing the Singing, in September and December 2001, respectively. The material featured here was loosely recorded during the sessions for the Perdition City album.[27] The style is more experimental/atmospheric and less beat-oriented; rather mood pieces that revolve around the Perdition City theme.[28] Due to the experimental nature of the music, both Silence EP’s were limited to two thousand, and three thousand copies. However, both EP’s were re-released as one disc, issued through American independent label Black Apple Records, under the title Teachings in Silence, in November 2002.[29]

Ulver, now with more confidence in their ambient sensibilities[30] descent into the world of film soundtracks, producing scores for Lyckantropen (issued as Lyckantropen Themes, in November 2002), Svidd neger (issued as Svidd neger, in September 2003) and a joint soundtrack with singer/songwriter Tom McRae for the multiple award-winning Uno. Ulver were praised for their soundtrack work, and their ability to adapt[31] and providing a sense of continuity to each film.[32] The song Silence Teaches You How to Sing was later used in the 2012 supernatural horror film Sinister.

Ulver celebrated their ten year anniversary with a remix album, 1993–2003: 1st Decade in the Machines, issued in April 2003, featuring contributions from Third Eye Foundation, Bogdan Raczynski, Fennesz, V/Vm and Merzbow.

In 2002, the trio announced that they were working on a string remake of Nattens madrigal, but Rygg later stated that the project "is in a state of total dormancy."[33]

Blood Inside and Shadows of the Sun (2003–2008)

Ulver, live in London 2011
In August 2003, Ulver issued an EP, A Quick Fix of Melancholy, essentially a teaser for the forthcoming album, Blood Inside.[34] A delicate marriage of orchestration and electronica[35] the EP features text by Christian Bök and a remix of a song from Kveldssanger.

In 2004, the group collaborated with Sámi vocalist Mari Boine and percussionist Marilyn Mazur to score Mona J. Hoel's film Salto, salmiakk og kaffe. The film premiered in August 2004, however, the soundtrack remains unreleased.

Ulver issued Blood Inside in June 2005, produced together with King Crimson collaborator Ronan Chris Murphy. The album returns to more classical arrangements and instrumentation,[36] described as "a beautifully crafted album of both substance and style. Certainly, Blood Inside is still not for everyone, but those who choose to indulge in this will find themselves rewarded on every level."[37] "[Blood Inside] is ambiguous and full of intricate layers and influences working to tell a story that is both haunting and mesmerising. Garm’s beautiful distorted vocals act as outcries of a desperate man hidden, pushed in the background of the story that the instrumentation tells."[38] Webzine Avantgarde-metal.com concludes: "the sound of the album is maybe their most extravagant, extrovert, dynamic and wild, ranging from swing band to danceable hard electronic pop, with a lot of peaceful moments in between so much energy."[39]

Ulver & drone band Sunn O))) collaborated on the fifteen-minute track "CUT WOODeD" - a tribute to the deceased film director Ed Wood,[40] which later appeared on Sunn O)))'s WHITEbox box set, issued in July 2006.

Shadows of the Sun was issued in October 2007 in Europe[41] and the United States[42] and would include collaborations with artists Pamelia Kurstin contributing theremin, Mathias Eick on trumpet and Christian Fennesz, adding supplemental shimmer.[42] Rygg described it as "our most personal record to date."[43] Described as "low-key, dark and tragic,"[41] the album received critical acclaim,[44][45] and in February 2008 the album won the Oslo Awards for Album of the Year, in 2008.[6] The album was also voted best album of 2007 at the website Sonic Frontiers.[46]

Changes in personnel (2009–2012)
In 2009, Ulver announced it would become a quartet. Its three extant members — Kristoffer Rygg, Tore Ylwizaker and Jørn H. Sværen — enlisted British composer and multi-instrumentalist Daniel O'Sullivan (Æthenor, Guapo, Mothlite) into the collective.[47] (O'Sullivan left the band in 2011/2012.) Ole Alexander Halstensgård was another prominent musician to be included in the live-act.

The band accepted an invitation to appear at the Norwegian Festival of Literature, at Maihaugsalen (part of Maihaugen) in Lillehammer, Norway on May 30, 2009. The collective were accompanied by guest musicians Lars Pedersen (aka When) on drums, Pamelia Kurstin playing Theremin and Halstensgård (a founding member of Norwegian group Paperboys). The success of this performance lead to them embarking on a string of other live performances in 2009 and 2010, selling out prestigious venues, such as the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London, Volksbühne in Berlin and La Cigale in Paris before they returned to their homeland for their performance at The Norwegian Opera House.[48] Ulver were the first band outside the established Norwegian music scene to be invited to play at the Opera House.

The first album to feature the quartet is Wars of the Roses,[49] issued in April 2011 via Kscope, preceded by a single, "February MMX," in February. The album entered the Norwegian National Album Charts at Number 17. SputnikMusic noted, "Wars of the Roses’ thoughtful conception and execution serves only for a thoughtful listen. After all this time, it still remains a privilege to bear witness to these wolves evolve once again."[50] Murat Batmaz, commenting for Sea of Tranquility webzine, noted, "it amalgamates musical traits from its predecessors while re-shaping them with a more direct approach."[51]

In November 2011, Kscope issued The Norwegian National Opera on Blu-ray Disc, DVD, CD and double LP,[52] a film documenting Ulver's performance at The Norwegian National Opera on July 31, 2010. Described as "mesmerizing and stunningly beautiful"[53] and "a unique and at times hypnotic live experience; far from a conventional one; more akin to a piece of performance art than a standard concert."[54]

Ulver's next project, Childhood's End came in the form of a collection of covers of "60s psychedelic chestnuts",[55] issued on Jester Records, under license to Kscope, in May 2012. The album, a reinterpretation of '60s psychedelia, was intended by Ulver as a reflection on lost innocence.[56] The album received favourable reviews; Ben Ratliffe, writing for NY Times, praised Childhood's End for its treatment of the original music, commenting that "these cover versions reward the ambition of the original songs, draping them with stateliness." Placing the album in the context of Ulver's discography, Ratliffe noted that Childhood's End is "the most straight-ahead Ulver record ever, but still strange".[57] A music video for "Magic Hollow", directed by Justin Oakey, was released in April 2012.[58]

In 2012, Roadburn Records issued an installment in their Roadburn EP series on 7″ vinyl, featuring the songs "I Had Too Much To Dream (Last Night)" b/w "Reverberation (Doubt)." Limited to 500 copies, of which 100 copies is gold vinyl - the release commemorated Ulver's performance at the Roadburn Festival, 013, Tilburg, in the Netherlands, on April 12, 2012.[59] The full performance at the festival was issued as Live At Roadburn in June 2013 via Roadburn Records. It was the first and only time tracks from Childhood's End were performed live.

Announcing a new DIY approach, Ulver released a press statement, The Art Of Dying,[60] an articulated rant about the changes in the record industry.[61] The band collected some covers and curiosities, and made them available to download as Oddities & Rarities#1, including material from tribute albums and the Uno soundtrack.

Messe I.X-VI.X (2012–2015)
Ulver were commissioned in 2012 by the Tromsø Kulturhus (House of Culture) in Norway,[62] in a cooperation with the Arctic Opera and Philharmonic Orchestra cultural institution to compose and perform a Mass. With additional aid and advice from composer Martin Romberg, and contemporary composers/musicians Ole-Henrik Moe and Kari Rønnekleiv, Messe I.X-VI.X was composed and first performed live by Ulver, alongside the Tromsø Chamber Orchestra on September 21, 2012. The band then took the recordings back to Crystal Canyon, Oslo and spent winter and spring in post-production, honing the material for its studio-equivalent. Issued in August 2013, Ulver's tenth studio album received universal critical acclaim, described as "a challenging work and an album of rare beauty"[63] and "a phenomenal album, combining intense atmosphere with the sort of cinematic sense of drama akin to some of the most powerful film scores."[64]

In January 2014, Ulver collaborated with Norway’s National Theatre, providing the soundtrack to Demoner 2014 (translated Demons 2014); based on a text by Geir Gulliksen, in turn freely based on the Dostoyevsky novel Demons, also known as The Possessed,[65] the play premiered on February 8, 2014.

On January 2, 2014, Ulver announced an 11-date European tour, "the February dates will consist of partly new and improv-based material, likely to revolve around motifs already familiar to our familiars. We are looking forward to get out there, and hope for some interesting music to be born those evenings and nights. We also aim to document some of it for those of you who cannot come."[66]

Ulver released a collaboration album with Sunn O))), entitled Terrestrials, issued in February 2014 via Southern Lord.[67][68][69] Produced by Stephen O'Malley and Kristoffer Rygg, it has been described as "three live improvisation pieces".[70] On December 10, 2013, a sample from the closing track, "Eternal Return," was released for streaming.[70][71] It was also streamed on Pitchfork Advance on the day it was released, until February 10, 2014.[72]

In April 2014 Century Media announce Trolsk Sortmetall 1993-1997, collecting together the albums Bergtatt, Kveldssanger and Nattens madrigal, as well as the band's original demo cassette, Vargnatt, and other rarities. The set will be released as a 5-CD box set with a canvas-bound slipcase and 100+ page booklet, as well as a 4LP box (plus cassette).[73]

In July 2014, Ulver contributed a cover of Shirley Collins’ "Poor Murdered Woman" in support of Burning Bridges & Fifth Column Film's project "The Ballad of Shirley Collins." A film, book and tribute album honouring the life and work of this musical pioneer and folk legend.[74]

On June 3, 2015 on the band's official website, in a statement titled Only Theatre of Pain, Ulver announce a number of forthcoming projects; including Messe in Concert at the distinguished Teatro Regio, Parma, Italy, November 16, 2013, with the Mg_Inc Orchestra. A live document of their concert featuring Pamelia Kurstin, including 15 minutes of new music written and performed specifically for the scene and topped up with full orchestra versions of "Little Blue Bird" and "Eos". They continue to announce their newest works, tentatively titled The Assassination of Julius Caesar, with texts and themes in development.[75]

ATGCLVLSSCAP, Riverhead and The Assassination of Julius Caesar (2015–2019)
On October 15, 2015, in an interview with website Steel for Brains, Ulver announced ATGCLVLSSCAP, a double album with over 80 minutes worth of material, consisting of multitracked and studio-enhanced live, mostly improvisational, rock and electronic soundscapes, 2/3 of which had never been heard before.[76] Announcing further details on October 28, the album was released on January 22, 2016 on Vinyl and CD formats via newly formed, London-based label House of Mythology. The basis for the album – which the band worked on under the moniker 12 – arrives from recordings made at twelve different live shows that Ulver performed in February 2014, in which the band played a set improvisatory "free rock" performances. Band member Daniel O’Sullivan took the multitrack recordings, sculpting and editing hours of material in his North London home, before Anders Møller, Kristoffer Rygg and Tore Ylwizaker got involved, completing the recordings at Subsonic Society and Oak Hill Studios, Oslo.[77]

In 2016, the band composed the score for the Canadian drama film Riverhead.[78] In October, a new studio album, The Assassination of Julius Caesar was announced to be released on April 7 as well as a performance at the 2017 edition of Roadburn Festival. A string of festival dates were subsequently added.[79] On November 11, 2017, Ulver released Sic Transit Gloria Mundi, a 3-track EP with two songs taken from The Assassination of Julius Caesar recording sessions, and a Frankie Goes to Hollywood cover, "The Power of Love".

Drone Activity and forthcoming projects (2019–present)
On March 1, Ulver shared a short excerpt of music, titled "Blood, Fire, Woods, Diamonds", on their Facebook page. Two days later, they announced a new live album, titled Drone Activity, consisting of four new pieces of live music edited in studio following a process reminiscent of the one used of ATGCLVLSSCAP. The album is set to be released on May 11, 2019. On April 4, the band shared a second excerpt from the album, titled "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea".[80]

Ulver announced their forthcoming plans through Norwegian publication Ballade, 17. October 2019:[81]"Ulver is working on a new album, planned to be released in 2020. (...) The Norwegian cult band is also preparing a retrospective book about the band’s history through the 1990s and up untill today."

Accolades
Year Award Category Result
2002 Spellemannprisen Best Open Class Album for Lyckantropen Themes Nominated
2003 Spellemannprisen Best Electronic Album for Teachings in Silence Nominated
2007 Oslo Awards Album of the Year for Shadows of the Sun Won
2011 NATT&DAG Best Live Act Won
Live appearances
At the Norwegian Festival of Literature
On May 30, 2009 Ulver performed live for the first time in 15 years, at Maihaugsalen (part of Maihaugen) in Lillehammer, Norway. The concert was a part of the Norwegian Festival of Literature. The three band members were accompanied by guest musicians: Lars Pedersen (aka When) on drums, Daniel O'Sullivan (also in Æthenor, Guapo, Mothlite) on guitar and bass, Pamelia Kurstin playing Theremin and Ole Aleksander Halstensgård (from Paperboys).

Subsequently, the only live appearances outside Norway were held at the Brutal Assault Festival in the Czech Republic on August 7 and at the Gagarin205 club in Athens,Greece (November 16). More festival appearances in Norway were announced: Øyafestivalen at Middelalderparken, Oslo (August 11), Møllafestivalen in Gjerstad (August 14), Pstereo '09 at Marinen, Trondheim (August 21) and London's Queen Elizabeth Hall (October 9).

Ulver at the Opera
On July 31, 2010 Ulver performed live at the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet with Christian Fennesz and the performance artist Ian Johnstone.[82]

Wars of the Roses Tour
From March 22, 2011 to April 21, Ulver played in several European countries to support their 2011 album Wars of the Roses. On this tour they performed said album in its entirety, and also added some abstract/improvised passages. Zweizz supported these shows.

Messe I.X-VI.X Performances
Following its original performance at Tromsø Kulturhus in Tromsø, Norway, with Tromsø Chamber Orchestra, on September 21, 2012, Ulver have performed Messe I.X–VI.X in its entirety a further three times: On May 20, 2013 at Wave Gotik Treffen, Leipzig, Germany with the Stüba Philharmonie, Volkspalast and on November 16, 2013 at Teatro Regio, Parma, Italy with the MG_INC Orchestra and at the Dark MOFO festival, 17 June 2017, in Hobart, Australia, the orchestras being conducted by composer Martin Romberg.

The Assassination of Julius Caesar Performances
In the wake of the release of The Assassination of Julius Caesar, Ulver played a few concerts in Europe, and gave their first two shows in Australia. In November, they toured Europe, playing their last album in its entirety, only adding a few songs from their Sic Transit Gloria Mundi EP released shortly before the beginning of the tour. Stian Westerhus was their opening act, promoting its solo album Amputation, and supporting Ulver on stage as a guitarist during some songs he played on the last Ulver's release.

First North American Performances
On March 21 and 22, 2019, Ulver played at Irving Plaza in New York City, their first North American (and US) shows ever. It was described by Kerrang as "New York's ultimate goth night". A return to the United States was cancelled when Ulver announced that pre-sale tickets were "too modest" up against the "big risk" of touring with their production in the US.[83]

Members
Current members
Kristoffer Rygg - vocals, additional programming (1993–present)
Tore Ylwizaker - programming, keyboards (1998–present)
Jørn H. Sværen - miscellaneous (2000–present)
Supporting members
Lars Pedersen - drums, percussion (2009–present)
Ole Aleksander Halstensgård - electronics (2009–present)
Pamelia Kurstin - theremin (2009–present)
Anders Møller - drums (2014–present)
Daniel O'Sullivan - guitar, bass, keyboards (2016–present; core member 2009–2016)
Stian Westerhus - guitar (2017-present)
Former members
Guitars

Sigmund Andreas "Grellmund" Løkken (deceased) (1993)
Håvard "Lemarchand" Jørgensen (1993-1999)
Torbjørn "Aismal" Pedersen (1994-1997)
Knut Magne Valle (1998)
Bass guitar

Robin "Mean" Malmberg (1993)
Hugh Steven James Mingay (1994-1998)
Drums

Carl-Michael "Czral" Eide (1993)
Erik Olivier "AiwarikiaR" Lancelot (1994-1998)
Keyboards

Håvard "Lemarchand" Jørgensen (1993-1999)
Torbjørn "Aismal" Pedersen (1994-1997)
Flute

Erik Olivier "AiwarikiaR" Lancelot (1994-1998)